As summer comes to a close, children and their families across the U.S. are returning or preparing to return to school. Vaccines are a critical preventative measure for keeping students and teachers healthy and protecting them against harmful illnesses. State immunization requirements have been implemented since as early as 1853 to help increase vaccine uptake. While each state is responsible for determining which vaccines are required in order for a child to attend school, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers helpful guidelines on the recommended immunizations for children 18 years and younger. Today, all 50 states have legislation requiring vaccines.
Earlier this year, World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF data showed the largest decline in childhood vaccinations globally in 30 years. As students begin their new school year, restoring these immunization rates and getting children and adolescents caught up on missed vaccinations is critical to ensuring a safe, healthy learning environment
Why Have Pediatric Immunization Rates Declined?
Prior to the pandemic, providers typically had the opportunity to ensure their pediatric patients received necessary vaccinations over the summer. However, due to a variety of COVID-related disruptions including a shift to virtual learning, increased vaccine hesitancy, and decreased access to non-emergency care, there has been a 70% decline in outpatient pediatric care visits that could have been opportunities to administer critical vaccines. Many providers are working to break down these barriers by implementing innovative strategies and partnerships aimed at helping children get up-to-date on their vaccines.
The Impact of Low Vaccination Rates as States Return to In-Person Learning
With stay-at-home orders lifted, the majority of schools across the country have transitioned from remote to in-person learning, increasing the risk of exposure to illnesses in the classroom. Beyond reducing the number of sick days at home, staying on track with recommended immunizations is key to supporting children’s short- and long-term health. Younger immune systems have not fully matured and are more susceptible to severe cases of diseases with greater potential for lasting impact. For example, a 2021 study found that missing or delaying DTaP doses is linked to higher pertussis (whooping cough) risk in children.
The CDC recommends a series of 18 vaccines for children ages 18 and younger. While minimum vaccination requirements are unique to each state, these vaccines are mandated in all 50 states and D.C. in order to attend public school:
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP)
Polio
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
Varicella
As pediatric patients return to the classroom this month, providers can use their upcoming appointments as timely opportunities to revisit their immunization history and remind families of the importance of staying up to date with recommended vaccines.